The false dilemma
It is rarely either/or.
Fallacy vs. flaw, on this site. Our fallacy page on the false dilemma teaches the general error. This page is the LSAT version: the right answer usually says the argument "fails to consider other alternatives" or "presents a false dichotomy." Your job is to name the missing third option.
Start with the general version: the fallacy page. Then come back here for the test-day version.
What it is
A false dilemma presents two options as the only options, then argues by eliminating one. The flaw: there was always a third option. If the two choices are not exhaustive, the elimination proves nothing.
LSAT arguments love this move because it looks decisive. "Either we cut funding or the program collapses" feels forceful. It is still just an assertion that no middle ground exists.
An LSAT-style example
This example is original. It is not a real LSAT question.
Either the city builds the new stadium or downtown businesses will fail. The stadium is too expensive, so downtown businesses are doomed.
The flaw: Businesses could be helped by tax breaks, marketing, transit, or a dozen other measures. The argument never shows these are the only two paths.
How to spot it on test day
- Look for "either/or" framing, or an argument that wins by ruling out one alternative.
- Ask: is there a middle path, a combined approach, or doing nothing? If yes, the dilemma is false.
- Even when the two options are real, check whether eliminating one really proves the other.
The right answer vs. the trap
The right answer
Usually "treats two options as exhaustive when others exist" or "fails to consider alternative courses of action."
The trap
"The argument confuses necessary and sufficient conditions." Only pick that if the argument actually trades in requirements and guarantees.
Find your weak flaws
The free diagnostic scores flaw questions separately and shows whether this pattern is costing you points.